A double-blind comparison of lamotrigine and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy with health-related quality of life as an outcome measure

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of treatment with lamotrigine (LTG) or carbamazepine (CBZ) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to demonstrate the use of the SEALS Inventory as a comparative tool in clinical trials. Two hundred and sixty patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy were randomized to 48 weeks of treatment with LTG (n = 131) or CBZ (n = 129). HRQOL was measured at baseline and weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 using the modified Side Effect and Life Satisfaction (SEALS) Inventory-a 38-item questionnaire divided into five subscales: Worry, Temper, Cognition, Dysphoria, and Tiredness. Overall, SEALS scores in the LTG group decreased (improved) significantly from baseline (P = 0.001). The LTG group had improvement in all five subscales over the 48 weeks of the study. CBZ patients had significantly worse SEALS scores than LTG patients at week 4 (P < 0.038). There was no significant change (positive or negative) in subsequent SEALS assessments. Analysis of SEALS data by subscale showed that the the CBZ group experienced more cognitive side-effects in general and more general changes in energy levels and affect during the first 4 weeks of treatment. These changes may help explain the difference in study completion rate: LTG 65%, CBZ 51% (P = 0.018). LTG offers the patient with newly diagnosed epilepsy significant benefits of greater tolerability and better health-related quality of life compared with CBZ. The SEALS Inventory is an effective tool for use in clinical trials of AEDs; it was a better predictor of trial completion than seizure counts, and used as a covariate enabled better detection of treatment effects. In general practice, the use of the SEALS Inventory to assess HRQOL has the potential to improve quality of care for people with epilepsy.